We can test most things from the comfort of home

Pollen from rye grass, a significant cause of hay fever and respiratory allergies during its pollen season.

Fish commonly consumed and used in various culinary dishes. Cod allergies can provoke digestive symptoms and anaphylaxis.

RBPJ (Recombination Signal Binding Protein for Immunoglobulin Kappa J Region): RBPJ is a key transcription factor in the Notch signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating cell fate, differentiation, and development. Proper function of RBPJ is essential for tissue development and cell specialization, while dysregulation of RBPJ and Notch signaling is linked to various diseases, including cancers and developmental disorders.

SDK1 (Sidekick Cell Adhesion Molecule 1): SDK1 is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell adhesion and synaptic organization. It is essential for the formation of neural circuits, particularly in the visual system, and supports proper neural connectivity and communication.

RALGDS (Ral Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Stimulator): RALGDS is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates the activation of Ral GTPases. It plays a key role in signal transduction pathways, influencing cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Changes in RALGDS activity have been linked to cancer development and progression.

LRFN5 (Leucine Rich Repeat and Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 5): LRFN5 is a member of the LRFN protein family. It plays a role in neuronal development and synaptic function, contributing to the formation and maintenance of neural circuits. Abnormalities in LRFN5 may be linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.

NRSN1 (Neurensin 1): NRSN1 is a neuronal protein that may be involved in synaptic function and plasticity. Although its exact role in the brain is not fully understood, it is thought to help regulate neurotransmitter release and neuronal signaling, potentially affecting learning and memory.

TRIB1 (Tribbles Pseudokinase 1): TRIB1 is a gene that encodes a pseudokinase protein in the Tribbles family. TRIB1 plays essential roles in regulating various cellular signaling pathways, including those related to growth, metabolism, and inflammation. It is associated with lipid metabolism, cardiovascular health, and cancer, with its complex functions remaining a significant focus of ongoing research.

ADRA1A (Adrenoceptor Alpha 1A): ADRA1A is a gene that encodes a subtype of alpha-1-adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the body's responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline. These receptors play a key role in smooth muscle contraction and cardiovascular function, including blood pressure regulation and vascular tone. Changes in ADRA1A activity may affect cardiovascular health and autonomic nervous system function.

MITF (Melanocyte Inducing Transcription Factor): MITF is a key regulator that highlights its role in the development and function of melanocytes, the cells responsible for pigment production. It is essential for normal pigmentation, and mutations in MITF can cause pigmentary disorders and raise the risk of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. MITF also plays a role in the development of certain retinal cells and is linked to Waardenburg syndrome.

TNR (Tenascin R): TNR is a gene that encodes an extracellular matrix protein primarily located in the central nervous system. It plays a role in neural development, including synaptic plasticity and neuronal differentiation. TNR contributes to the formation of neural networks and may impact neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes.

TMEM171 (Transmembrane Protein 171): TMEM171 is a gene that encodes a transmembrane protein. Although its specific functions are not yet fully known, transmembrane proteins typically play key roles in cell signaling, molecule transport across membranes, and cellular communication. Additional research is necessary to determine the exact functions of TMEM171 in cellular processes.

Grass pollen that is a significant cause of seasonal allergies, especially in late spring and early summer.

CPXM1 (Carboxypeptidase X, M14 Family Member 1): CPXM1 is a protein belonging to the metallocarboxypeptidase family and plays a role in extracellular matrix remodeling. It supports cell adhesion, migration, and essential physiological processes such as wound healing and inflammation. Dysregulation of CPXM1 may be associated with tissue remodeling disorders and certain types of cancer.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus): HPV is a group of over 200 viruses, with some types being sexually transmitted and linked to health issues like genital warts and cancers, particularly cervical cancer. The high-risk types, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18, are strongly associated with cancers of the cervix, throat, anus, and penis. While most HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve on their own, persistent infections can lead to cancer. Vaccination is available to protect against the most dangerous strains, and regular screening is important for early detection and prevention.

LURAP1 (Leucine Rich Adaptor Protein 1): LURAP1 is a gene that encodes a leucine-rich protein believed to be involved in signal transduction pathways. While its exact functions are not fully understood, LURAP1 may play a role in regulating cellular processes such as cell migration and cytoskeletal organization.

SCNN1G (Sodium Channel Epithelial 1 Subunit Gamma): SCNN1G is a gene that encodes the gamma subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which regulates sodium balance and fluid homeostasis in epithelial tissues such as the lung, kidney, and colon. This subunit plays a key role in controlling the channel’s activity and its response to regulatory signals, including hormones like aldosterone. Mutations or dysregulation of SCNN1G can impact fluid and electrolyte balance and contribute to related disorders.

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a metabolite produced from the breakdown of catecholamines such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. It is used as a clinical marker to evaluate catecholamine activity, with levels usually measured in urine. Various factors, including certain foods and medications, can affect VMA levels.

APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein): APP is a measure that reflects the role of a key transmembrane protein involved in various cellular processes, especially in the central nervous system. APP is essential for neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and cell signaling. Its processing produces amyloid-beta peptides, which are linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Proper regulation of APP processing and amyloid-beta production is critical for maintaining neuronal health and cognitive function, while dysregulation can contribute to Alzheimer's pathology.

NMRK1 (Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase 1): NMRK1 is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the NAD+ biosynthesis pathway by catalyzing the conversion of nicotinamide riboside into nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAD+ is vital for energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. Through its involvement in NAD+ production, NMRK1 is important for maintaining cellular energy balance and genomic stability, with implications for aging, metabolic disorders, and conditions associated with NAD+ depletion.

Ric3 (Resistance To Inhibitors Of Cholinesterase 3 Homolog): Ric3 is a protein involved in the maturation and trafficking of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are essential for neuronal signaling. Ric3 plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system, and changes in its function can affect neurological diseases.

JAK2 (Janus Kinase 2): JAK2 is a gene that encodes a kinase enzyme belonging to the Janus kinase (JAK) family. JAK2 plays a crucial role in cytokine signaling pathways and is essential for activating immune and blood-forming (hematopoietic) cells. Mutations in JAK2 are associated with blood disorders, including polycythemia vera and other myeloproliferative neoplasms.

OVOL1 (Ovo Like Transcriptional Repressor 1): OVOL1 is a gene that encodes a transcriptional repressor involved in regulating gene expression during development and tissue differentiation. It plays a role in epithelial cell differentiation and the formation of tissue barriers.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in suppressing neuronal activity in the brain. It helps regulate mood, anxiety, and sleep, fostering relaxation and calm. By counterbalancing the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, proper GABA function is vital for mental and emotional health.

TRPM6 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 6): TRPM6 is a channel that plays a crucial role in magnesium (Mg) absorption and homeostasis. It is vital for maintaining the proper magnesium balance in the body, and mutations in TRPM6 can lead to hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, a condition characterized by low levels of magnesium and calcium (Ca) in the blood.

Mycoplasma, especially Mycoplasma hominis (MH), is a type of bacteria that can be transmitted through sexual contact, although it is not strictly classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is one of several Mycoplasma species that affect humans and can reside in the genital and respiratory tracts. While often asymptomatic, it can cause health problems, particularly in the genitourinary system.

PWWP3B (PWWP Domain Containing 3B): PWWP3B is a gene that encodes a protein involved in chromatin organization and gene regulation. Its PWWP domain indicates a role in epigenetic regulation. Dysfunction in PWWP3B may be associated with developmental disorders and cancers due to its effect on gene expression.

OLFM4 (Olfactomedin 4): OLFM4 is a gene that encodes a secreted protein expressed in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. Although its functions are not fully understood, OLFM4 is linked to the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the gut, suggesting a potential role in tissue regeneration and maintenance.

TRMO (tRNA Methyltransferase 10 Homolog A): TRMO (tRNA Methyltransferase 10 Homolog A) is a gene involved in tRNA modification. It encodes an enzyme responsible for methylating specific nucleotides within tRNA molecules. These tRNA modifications are crucial for ensuring accurate protein synthesis during translation.

RABGAP1L (RAB GTPase Activating Protein 1-Like): RABGAP1L is a gene that encodes a protein involved in intracellular membrane trafficking by regulating RAB GTPases. It plays a vital role in vesicle transport and overall cellular logistics. Dysregulation of RABGAP1L can disrupt cellular transport mechanisms and has been studied in connection with neurological disorders, where proper membrane trafficking is crucial for neuronal function.

TRAPPC9 (Trafficking Protein Particle Complex Subunit 9): TRAPPC9 is a gene that encodes a subunit of the trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complex. This complex plays a crucial role in vesicle trafficking within cells, facilitating the transport of proteins and lipids between cellular compartments. TRAPPC9 is vital for maintaining proper cellular function and organization.

Lamb intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to digest lamb meat, causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a lamb allergy, which triggers an immune response and can lead to severe symptoms, lamb intolerance typically results in digestive problems that occur after eating lamb.

Tyrophagus putrescentiae, also known as the mold mite, is a species commonly found in stored foods and household dust. These mites thrive in environments with high humidity and can cause allergic reactions when their waste or body parts become airborne and are inhaled, leading to various allergy symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Gardnerella, specifically Gardnerella vaginalis, is a type of bacteria commonly found in the vaginal microbiome. While it is a normal part of the vaginal flora, an imbalance can cause overgrowth, leading to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection. It is not classified as a traditional sexually transmitted infection (STI), but its presence and growth can be influenced by sexual activity.

NNT (Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase): Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (NNT) is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that plays a crucial role in regenerating NADPH from NADH. This process is vital for maintaining the cellular redox balance and protecting cells from oxidative stress. Deficiencies in NNT can impair mitochondrial function and increase susceptibility to oxidative damage, contributing to metabolic disorders and chronic diseases.

Common pigweed is a widespread plant known for its highly allergenic pollen. Its pollen can trigger hay fever and other allergic reactions, especially in late summer and fall. People sensitive to pigweed may experience symptoms during its peak pollination season.

Titanium (Ti) is a metal commonly used in medical implants, cosmetics, and paints, prized for its strength and corrosion resistance. While elemental titanium is generally considered safe, inhaling titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles, especially in powder form, can pose respiratory hazards. People working in industries that handle titanium materials or using certain cosmetic products may be exposed. Adhering to safety guidelines and using protective equipment can help reduce the risk of inhaling titanium particles.

TRIM33 (Tripartite Motif Containing 33): TRIM33 is a protein that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. It plays key roles in chromatin remodeling, stem cell differentiation, and the suppression of tumor development.

Apple allergy is an allergic reaction to proteins found in apples, often associated with Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS). It typically affects individuals allergic to birch pollen, as similar proteins in apples can cause cross-reactivity. Symptoms range from mild oral irritation to more noticeable reactions, although severe cases are rare.

Pollen from cypress trees, prevalent in the spring and fall. Known to cause hay fever and asthma symptoms.

Stone fruit that can cause allergies ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe reactions like anaphylaxis.

KCTD1 (Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain Containing 1): KCTD1 is a protein that interacts with potassium channels, affecting their activity. It plays key roles in cellular functions such as signal transduction and ion transport. Mutations in KCTD1 have been linked to developmental disorders, especially those impacting skin and hair.

APEH (Acylaminoacyl-Peptide Hydrolase): APEH is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in protein turnover by breaking down acetylated peptides. It participates in processing damaged or misfolded proteins, helping to maintain protein balance. Malfunctions in APEH can affect neurodegenerative processes and the body's ability to respond to oxidative stress.

Alaska pollock intolerance is a condition where individuals have trouble digesting Alaska pollock, a type of fish, causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike an allergy to Alaska pollock, which triggers an immune system response and can lead to more severe symptoms, intolerance usually results in digestive problems after eating it.

Beef intolerance is a condition where the digestive system reacts negatively to eating beef. Unlike a beef allergy, which causes an immune response and can be more serious, beef intolerance involves difficulty digesting or processing certain parts of beef.

Urinary nitrates are chemical compounds usually absent or present only in trace amounts in urine. Their presence can indicate a bacterial infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), because certain bacteria can convert urinary nitrite into nitrate. Nitrate testing is a common diagnostic tool for detecting UTIs.

Cucumber intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to digest cucumber, often causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a cucumber allergy, which triggers an immune response and may lead to more severe reactions, cucumber intolerance usually results in digestive symptoms after eating cucumber.

Dill intolerance is a condition where individuals have trouble digesting dill, an herb commonly used for its unique flavor in pickles, salads, and seafood dishes. It usually causes gastrointestinal discomfort and is different from a dill allergy, which triggers an immune response and can lead to more severe symptoms. People with dill intolerance typically experience digestive problems after eating dill or foods that contain it.

Grass pollen allergies indicate sensitivity to various types of grass—including sweet vernal, orchard grass, common reed, and bent grass. These allergens can significantly impact individuals who are prone to allergic reactions, affecting respiratory health, causing eye irritation, and reducing overall well-being. Understanding these allergies, recognizing the symptoms, and using effective management strategies can help lessen discomfort and enhance quality of life during peak pollen seasons.

Halibut intolerance is a condition where individuals have trouble digesting halibut, a flatfish commonly enjoyed as a seafood delicacy. It can cause gastrointestinal discomfort and is different from a halibut allergy, which triggers an immune system response and can lead to more severe symptoms. People with halibut intolerance usually experience digestive problems after consuming halibut or dishes made with it.

Avocado intolerance is a condition where individuals experience difficulty digesting avocado, often leading to gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike an avocado allergy, which triggers an immune system response and can cause more severe reactions, avocado intolerance is limited to digestive symptoms that occur after eating avocado.

ATP8B1 (ATPase Phospholipid Transporting 8B1) is a gene that encodes a phospholipid transporter located in the liver cell membrane. It plays a role in maintaining the lipid balance of cell membranes and bile. Mutations in ATP8B1 can cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), a group of inherited liver disorders.

Shrimp allergy is a common shellfish allergy caused by an immune reaction to proteins found in shrimp. It is one of the most common food allergies in adults and can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis. This allergy is typically lifelong and may be triggered by eating shrimp or even inhaling steam while cooking.

Cabbage intolerance refers to difficulty digesting cabbage, often causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a cabbage allergy, which triggers an immune response, this intolerance is related to digestion and usually leads to symptoms after consuming cabbage.

Eggplant intolerance, also known as aubergine intolerance in some regions, is a condition characterized by difficulty digesting eggplant. Unlike an eggplant allergy, which involves an immune system reaction and can cause more severe symptoms, intolerance mainly results in gastrointestinal discomfort. Individuals with eggplant intolerance usually experience digestive issues after eating eggplant.

Pinworms (Oxyuris), also known as threadworms, are common intestinal parasites, especially in children. These small, white worms cause itching around the anus, disrupted sleep, and irritability due to their nighttime egg-laying. Infection spreads through the fecal-oral route, often by ingesting microscopic eggs from contaminated hands, surfaces, or food.

New World hookworms (Necator americanus) are parasitic worms commonly found in the Americas. These parasites attach to the intestinal walls of their hosts, leading to chronic blood loss, anemia, and protein deficiency. The larvae can penetrate the skin from contaminated soil, putting individuals who come into contact with such environments at risk of infection.

King crab, a highly prized delicacy in seafood cuisine, is appreciated for its rich flavor and tender texture. However, some people may have an intolerance to king crab, which can restrict their ability to enjoy this seafood.

NLGN1 is a measure that indicates the presence and function of a key protein in the nervous system — Neuroligin 1, which is encoded by the NLGN1 gene. It plays an essential role in the formation and regulation of synapses, supporting synaptic specialization, strength, and plasticity. NLGN1 is crucial for learning, memory, and overall brain function, and has been a significant focus in research on autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental conditions.

Urine density, also known as urine specific gravity, measures the concentration of solutes in urine. It indicates the kidney’s ability to concentrate or dilute urine and serves as a marker of hydration status and kidney function. Although normal values can vary, abnormalities may signal dehydration, overhydration, or underlying kidney conditions.

NKX2-3 (NK2 Homeobox 3): NKX2-3 is a gene that encodes a transcription factor essential for gastrointestinal development and homeostasis. It helps regulate genes involved in the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and mucosal immunity. Dysregulation of NKX2-3 has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Herring intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to digest herring, often resulting in gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a herring allergy, which triggers an immune response and can lead to severe reactions, herring intolerance usually causes only digestive symptoms after consuming this type of fish.

Chamomile tea intolerance is a condition characterized by difficulty digesting chamomile tea, an herbal infusion made from dried chamomile flowers. Unlike a chamomile tea allergy, which triggers an immune response and can cause more severe reactions, intolerance primarily causes digestive discomfort. People with chamomile tea intolerance usually experience gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking chamomile tea.

Acarus siro, commonly known as the flour mite, is a species frequently found in stored grains and flour. These mites can thrive in kitchen cupboards and pantries, especially in humid environments. For sensitive individuals, exposure may cause allergic reactions and can be particularly problematic for those with preexisting respiratory issues.

Honey intolerance is a condition where individuals have trouble digesting honey, a natural sweetener made by bees. It can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and is different from a honey allergy, which involves an immune response and can cause more serious symptoms. People with honey intolerance usually experience digestive problems after eating honey or products that contain it.

Ureaplasma is a group of tiny bacteria commonly found in the urogenital tracts of both men and women. They are part of the normal genital flora but can cause infections under certain conditions. Ureaplasma species, especially Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum, are linked to conditions such as urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and infertility. While they can be sexually transmitted, they are not always strictly classified as STIs.

Rye intolerance is a condition where the body struggles to digest rye, causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Unlike a rye allergy, which triggers an immune response and can lead to more severe symptoms, rye intolerance usually results in digestive problems after eating rye or rye-based products.

AHSG (Alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein), also known as fetuin-A, is a glycoprotein involved in various physiological processes, including the inhibition of mineralization and the regulation of insulin sensitivity. Elevated AHSG levels have been associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, indicating its potential as a biomarker for these conditions.

HIV-2 is a less common type of human immunodeficiency virus. Like HIV-1, it targets immune cells and can cause immune system suppression over time, but it is generally linked to slower disease progression. HIV-2 remains clinically significant and requires accurate diagnostic confirmation and ongoing medical follow-up.

HIV-1 is the most common type of human immunodeficiency virus. It primarily targets immune cells (especially CD4 T-cells) and, if untreated, can gradually weaken the immune system over time. HIV-1 is the main driver of the global HIV epidemic and is the type most people refer to when they say “HIV”.

RAB38 is a member of the Ras-related protein family and functions as a key regulator of intracellular membrane trafficking, especially within the endosomal-lysosomal system. Mainly found in the cytoplasm, RAB38 coordinates the movement and fusion of membrane-bound vesicles, ensuring accurate sorting and delivery of cargo molecules. This protein has a specialized role in melanosome biogenesis, supporting the maturation and transport of melanosomes—organelles responsible for melanin synthesis and distribution in melanocytes. Through its interactions with effector proteins and membrane fusion machinery, RAB38 facilitates these essential cellular processes.

PAX1 (Paired Box 1): PAX1 is a key regulatory gene involved in the development of the spine and thoracic cage. It plays a crucial role in skeletal formation, and mutations in PAX1 can lead to congenital spinal and skeletal malformations.

p-Cresol sulfate is a metabolite produced by intestinal bacteria through the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine. It is primarily detoxified in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Higher levels may indicate increased bacterial protein fermentation, impaired detoxification, or reduced renal clearance. Balanced levels reflect efficient gut microbial metabolism and normal liver–kidney function.

MTRR (Methionine Synthase Reductase): MTRR is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regenerating methylcobalamin, supporting the continuous function of MTR in homocysteine metabolism. It is essential for maintaining proper methionine levels and normal DNA synthesis. Mutations in MTRR are associated with homocystinuria, which can lead to developmental and neurological complications. Understanding MTRR function provides insights into potential therapies for genetic disorders.

ZKSCAN5 (Zinc Finger with KRAB and SCAN Domains 5): ZKSCAN5 encodes a zinc finger protein that includes KRAB (Krüppel-associated box) and SCAN (SRE-ZBP, CTfin51, AW-1, and Number 18 cDNA) domains. These domains are crucial for transcriptional regulation and DNA binding. The specific functions of ZKSCAN5 are still being studied.

Sarcosine is an amino acid that supports mental health and metabolism. It plays a role in the synthesis of other amino acids, aids muscle growth, and supports cognitive function. Naturally found in egg yolks, turkey, and legumes, sarcosine is associated with brain health and is being researched for its potential benefits in mental health.

CASQ2 (Calsequestrin 2): CASQ2 is a protein involved in calcium storage within the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cells. It plays a key role in regulating calcium balance and cardiac muscle contraction. Mutations in CASQ2 are linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, a condition characterized by irregular heartbeats triggered by physical activity or stress.

LBP (Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein): LBP is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune response to bacterial infections. It binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and helps activate the innate immune system. LBP is a vital part of the body’s defense against bacterial pathogens.

Tarragon is a fragrant herb known for its distinct anise-like flavor and is commonly used to enhance the taste of various dishes. While generally safe, some individuals may experience tarragon intolerance, which can affect their ability to consume it without discomfort.

REX1BD (REX1 Basic Domain): REX1BD is a gene region defined by a basic domain that may play a role in DNA binding or protein–protein interactions. Although its precise functions and roles within cellular processes are not yet fully understood, ongoing research seeks to clarify its importance in biological systems.

PFKP (Phosphofructokinase, Platelet): PFKP is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that controls the pace of glucose metabolism. It facilitates the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Proper regulation of PFKP is vital for cellular energy production, and its dysregulation has been studied in cancer, where altered glucose metabolism is frequently observed.

SCAMP5 (Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein 5): SCAMP5 is a member of the SCAMP family, involved in membrane trafficking processes. It plays a key role in regulating membrane recycling and exocytosis, especially in neurons. SCAMP5 is important for neurotransmitter release and neuronal communication, and its function may have implications in neurological disorders.

ADH1B (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B): ADH1B is a gene that encodes an enzyme involved in the initial step of alcohol metabolism, converting ethanol into acetaldehyde. Genetic variations in ADH1B can affect the speed of alcohol metabolism, influencing alcohol tolerance and the risk of alcohol-related diseases.

NUDT9 (Nudix Hydrolase 9): NUDT9 is a gene that encodes a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Proteins in this family are involved in the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. While the specific substrates and functions of NUDT9 are still being investigated, it plays a role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular homeostasis.

LIN7C (Lin-7 Homolog C, Crumbs Cell Polarity Complex Component): LIN7C is a protein that embodies the role of the LIN7 family in establishing and maintaining cell polarity. It is crucial for proper cell function and tissue organization, especially in neural and epithelial cells. Mutations or dysregulation of LIN7C can impair cell polarity and signaling, potentially leading to developmental abnormalities or disease.

Fruit allergies, such as those to kiwi, mango, and banana, are increasingly recognized and result from the body's immune response to specific proteins in these fruits. These allergies can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort to severe reactions, making it essential to identify and manage them effectively to maintain health and well-being.

Acinetobacter spp. are a group of gram-negative bacteria commonly found in soil, water, and occasionally in the human gut. Although not typically predominant in a healthy microbiome, certain strains can colonize the intestines, especially after antibiotic use or in hospital settings. Some species, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, are recognized for their antibiotic resistance and their role in infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In stool analysis, the presence of Acinetobacter may indicate environmental exposure, microbial imbalance, or antibiotic-induced changes in gut flora.

KCNMB3 (Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily M Regulatory Beta Subunit 3): KCNMB3 belongs to a family of calcium-activated potassium channels that play a role in regulating neuronal excitability and vascular tone. This gene is crucial for blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular health, and variations in KCNMB3 may be linked to hypertension and heart disease.

Tuna and salmon are popular fish choices worldwide, known for their flavor and nutritional benefits. However, some people may have allergic reactions to these fish — a condition that can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening reactions. Understanding the symptoms, triggers, and management strategies for tuna and salmon allergies is essential for those affected.

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus), commonly known as the European house dust mite, is a common indoor allergen. These microscopic organisms thrive in warm, humid environments and feed on organic matter such as shed human skin flakes. Their body fragments and waste products can trigger allergic reactions and asthma in sensitive individuals.

Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a herbaceous plant from the mint family, best known for its stimulating effects on cats. While not typically consumed by humans, some people may experience catnip intolerance — a sensitivity to its compounds that can cause digestive discomfort. This is different from a catnip allergy, which involves an immune response and can lead to more severe symptoms.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetate (5-HIAA) is a measurement that reflects the breakdown of serotonin, an important neurotransmitter in the body. It is mainly used as a clinical marker, especially for detecting and monitoring carcinoid tumors that may produce excess serotonin. Urinary 5-HIAA levels can also serve as an approximate indicator of the body’s overall serotonin levels.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It progresses through multiple stages—primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary—and can affect different organ systems over time. Syphilis is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, including oral, anal, and vaginal sex, and can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, resulting in congenital syphilis.

Bilirubin is a yellow compound that results from the breakdown of red blood cells in the body. It is transported to the liver, where it is processed and excreted into the bile. Proper liver function ensures bilirubin is efficiently filtered from the blood and converted into a form that can be eliminated through the digestive system. Blood bilirubin levels are an important indicator of liver health, bile duct function, and red blood cell turnover.

Shellfish allergies are a type of food allergy that affect both adults and children. This allergy often includes a variety of shellfish such as blue mussel, oyster, clam, and scallop. Because allergic reactions can be severe, it is important for those affected to understand how to recognize and manage a shellfish allergy.

The Testosterone/Cortisol ratio reflects the balance between anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) processes in the body. Testosterone supports muscle growth, energy, and recovery, while cortisol is a stress hormone that can promote tissue breakdown when chronically elevated. A healthy ratio may indicate good resilience, recovery capacity, and hormonal balance, whereas a low ratio may suggest high stress load, overtraining, or hormonal imbalance. This marker is particularly relevant for athletes, individuals under chronic stress, or those with fatigue-related symptoms. It helps provide context to both testosterone and cortisol values when interpreted together.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are a group of three essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These amino acids play crucial roles in muscle protein synthesis, energy production, and recovery, especially during physical activity. Measuring total BCAA levels in the blood provides insight into protein metabolism, nutritional status, and muscle health. Imbalances may be linked to poor dietary intake, metabolic dysfunction, or increased demand due to stress, illness, or intense training. BCAA levels are especially important for athletes, individuals experiencing fatigue, or those recovering from illness or muscle loss.

Blood group B has B antigens on red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in the plasma. Individuals with this blood type can donate blood to those with blood group B or AB. They can receive blood from donors with blood group B or O. Blood group B is less common in certain areas. Compatibility is essential for safe transfusions.

Barley is a commonly used grain found in a variety of foods and drinks — from bread and cereals to beer. For some people, barley can trigger an allergic reaction because of its protein content. It’s important for those affected to recognize the symptoms and manage a barley allergy properly.

Citrate is a compound that plays a key role in the citric acid cycle, essential for energy production in aerobic organisms. It helps break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce ATP (energy). Citrate also supports the regulation of the body’s acid-base balance and contributes to kidney stone prevention by binding with calcium.