TNP1, or Transition Protein 1, is a protein primarily located in the nuclei of developing spermatids — the immature male germ cells — during spermiogenesis, the final phase of spermatogenesis when round spermatids develop into spermatozoa. TNP1 is part of a family of small, highly basic transition proteins that play a role in chromatin remodeling throughout this process. Its key function is to help replace histones with protamines, specialized proteins that tightly condense DNA within the sperm nucleus.