TMA / TMAO (Trimethylamine / Trimethylamine N-oxide)
Trimethylamine (TMA) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria during the breakdown of choline, carnitine, and lecithin—nutrients commonly found in meat, eggs, and dairy. In the liver, TMA is converted into Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a compound that has been linked to cardiovascular risk in several studies. Elevated TMA/TMAO levels may indicate high microbial conversion activity in the gut, imbalanced microbiota, or a diet rich in animal-based products. While research is ongoing, high TMAO has been associated with inflammation and impaired cholesterol metabolism. Balanced gut flora and plant-forward diets may help maintain healthy TMAO levels.
Description
TMA is a compound produced by gut bacteria from certain dietary nutrients. The liver converts TMA into TMAO, which can enter circulation and influence vascular and metabolic processes.
Elevated TMAO has been linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, as it can promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and disrupted lipid metabolism.
Diets rich in red meat, eggs, or dairy can increase TMAO levels, particularly in people with certain gut bacteria. Liver function also influences the conversion of TMA to TMAO.
Yes. Decreasing consumption of foods high in choline and carnitine, enhancing gut microbiome diversity, and increasing fiber intake may help reduce TMAO production.
Not necessarily. Extremely low levels could indicate insufficient dietary precursors or microbial activity, but in most cases, low or moderate TMAO is considered beneficial for cardiovascular health.
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