GNB5 (G Protein Subunit Beta 5): GNB5 is a protein subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, which mediate cellular responses to external signals via signal transduction pathways. It plays crucial roles in regulating heart rate, vision, and neurotransmission, functioning within both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Variants in GNB5 have been associated with arrhythmias and neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its importance in the study of signal transduction and related diseases.